Dental amalgam – the effect of the technology of alloy powder preparation on the corrosion behaviour and the release of mercury

Dental amalgams are based on a broad spectrum of materials differing in their chemical composition, metallurgical treatment, and in the way the initial alloys powders are prepared. In addition to their chemical composition, amalgams based on various powders differ in both their microstructure and the amount of mercury needed for preparation. All these facts may affect electrochemical processes occurring during their interaction with oral fluids, and also mercury release. While verifying the effect of the technology used for the preparation of the high‐copper ternary alloy powder on the properties of resulting amalgams, this study aimed at the mechanism of their interaction with a model saliva solution as well as mercury release was included. Measurements were done in a model saliva solution using standard electrochemical methods and exposition measurements. The interaction of individual types of amalgams with artificial saliva did not reveal any significant differences. The free corrosion potential of all these amalgams in an aerated solution settled in the range of values in which tin oxidation, resulting in a layer of insoluble corrosion producsts, turned out to be the dominant anodic process. The rate of mercury release was the lowest for amalgams based on a gas‐atomized alloy. The highest rate of mercury release, and also its dependence on time, was exhibited by lathe‐cut powder based amalgam. In addition to different volume fraction of the Ag‐Hg phase and the level of its tin alloying, this different behaviour may be explained by differences in the rate at which a layer of tin corrosion products acting as a barrier to mercury release is formed.     

1等标准光滑圆柱环规检测装置

本装置是在具有高精度导轨的SIP三坐标测量机上架设激光干涉仪作为测量标准器，利用电感测微仪作为瞄准器，使测量可以直接溯源到激光波长，实现了1等标准光滑圆柱环规的高精度测量。装置对φ50mm标准环规直径测量的不确定度达到70．15μm。通过与瑞士国家计量局和国家计量院的比对测量证实，无论在国内还是国际环规测量方面，该装置已达到先进水平。     

紫金山金矿低品位资源开发的地质技术研究

介绍了紫金山金矿床赋存的基本特征；重点阐述了生产探矿增加储量．扩大矿床规模，建立低品位矿开发蛭济模型和责源评价软件系统研制等系列地质技术研究与创新成果：强调了加大经济与科技投入．对矿山的发展有重大意义。     

瓦斯尾巷在高档普采工作面的应用

介绍了高档普采工作面利用掘送瓦斯尾巷等措施形成回风空间 ,从根本上解决高档普采工作面的瓦斯超限问题 ,其工艺有利于在其它采煤工作面内应用     

一等环规测量仪的研制

一等环规测量仪是将激光干涉仪测长技术、静态光电显微镜瞄准技术和精密微位移定位技术作为主体测量技术，以上三项技术的有机结合使该仪器的测量不确定度达到了国际法制计量组织(OIML)规定的一等环规的测量要求。     

覆膜滤料的滤尘性能测试方法研究

由于覆膜滤料的结构和性能有别于普通滤料，因而普通滤料的滤尘性能测试方法不完全适用于覆滤料。本文作者在总结实践经验的基础上，提出了在覆膜滤料的滤尘性能测试中应注意的一些问题和应增加的测试项目。     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) grafted sodium alginate hydrogel beads for the controlled release of indomethacin

Graft copolymers of sodium alginate (NaAlg) with N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone were prepared using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The graft copolymers (NaAlg‐g‐PVP) were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Polymeric hydrogel beads of NaAlg and NaAlg‐g‐PVP were prepared by crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker in the hydrochloric acid catalyst (HCl) and these beads were used to deliver anti‐inflammatory drug, indomethacin (IM). Chemical stability of the IM after encapsulation into beads was confirmed by FTIR. Preparation conditions of the NaAlg‐g‐PVP beads were optimized by considering the percentage entrapment efficiency, particle size, swelling capacity and their release data. In vitro release studies were performed in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for the initial 2 h, followed by simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) for 4 h. Effects of GA concentration, exposure time to GA, drug/polymer (d/p) ratio, and concentration of HCl on the release of IM were discussed. It was observed that IM release from the beads decreased with increasing GA concentration and exposure time. IM release also decreases with increasing d/p ratio and HCl concentration. The highest IM release was obtained to be 77% for beads crosslinked with 0.027M GA. Swelling experiments were also performed to compute molecular mass between crosslinks of the beads. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

欢喜岭重交通道路沥青SHRP性能研究

应用Superpave沥青胶结料试验动态剪切试验、压力老化试验和弯曲梁流变试验评定欢喜岭重交通道路沥青的抗永久变形、抗低温开裂和抗疲劳开裂性能，确定欢喜岭重交沥青最高和最低路面设计温度及PG等级，表明欢喜岭重交沥青满足我国广阔地域的使用要求。     

瓶级聚酯切片中乙醛含量的控制

对瓶级聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)原料中的乙醛含量、第三组份(间苯二甲酸)含量、原料比表面积以及工艺参数控制等对产品中乙醛含量的影响进行了讨论，得出了合适的工艺操作条件，并注意到预结晶单元和冷却单元的工艺参数控制对产品乙醛含量的影响最显著，从而为生产乙醛含量小于1．0μg/g的瓶级高粘度PET切片提供了参考。     

Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and β-Cyclodextrin Microspheres by Spray Drying

Three kinds of carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres loaded with theophylline were prepared by spray drying intended for pulmonary delivery. Mucociliotoxicity, permeation rate, and drug release characteristics of the product were investigated. The microspheres obtained by spray drying were found to be spherical with smooth or wrinkled surfaces. The mean particle size was between 3.39 and 6.06 µm. The microspheres demonstrated high product yield (43.7-50.2%), high drug loading (13.7-38.1%), and high encapsulation efficiency (86.9-92.8%). FT-IR indicated that there were interactions of theophylline with carboxymethyl chitosan matrix. Further studies on mucociliotoxicity and permeation confirmed that microspheres had better adaptability and high permeation rate. In vitro drug release from the microspheres was not related to the drug/polymer ratios.